From 98a32b0c1ae6c7abd1111670d02e2cf0c1a8e2aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ViperEkura <3081035982@qq.com> Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 18:46:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E5=A2=9E=E5=8A=A0=E9=9A=90=E5=87=BD?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=95=B0=E6=B1=82=E5=AF=BC=E9=83=A8=E5=88=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- subjects/math/隐函数求导.md | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+) create mode 100644 subjects/math/隐函数求导.md diff --git a/subjects/math/隐函数求导.md b/subjects/math/隐函数求导.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac5c7d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/subjects/math/隐函数求导.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# 隐函数求导 + + +## 对于一阶求导方程 +给定函数 $F(x,y) = 0$ + +$\frac{dF}{dx} = \frac{\partial F}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial F}{\partial y} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx}$ ,推导得到 $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial F}{\partial y} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} = 0$ + +## 对于二阶或以上求导(以二阶为例) + +给定函数方程 $A(x,y)\frac{dy}{dx} + B(x,y) = 0$ + +$$ +\frac{dA}{dx} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} + A(x,y)\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + \frac{dB}{dx} = 0 +$$ + +其中: +$$\begin{cases} +\frac{dA}{dx} = \frac{\partial A}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial A}{\partial y} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} \\ +\frac{dB}{dx} = \frac{\partial B}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial B}{\partial y} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} +\end{cases}$$ + +**同理可推广至 $n$ 阶** + +设 $F(x, y) = 0$ 确定隐函数 $y = y(x)$,对 $x$ 求 $n$ 阶导数: +$$\sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} \frac{\partial^{n-k} F}{\partial x^{n-k}} \cdot \frac{d^k y}{dx^k} = 0$$ + +即: +$$\frac{\partial^n F}{\partial x^n} + \binom{n}{1} \frac{\partial^{n-1} F}{\partial x^{n-1} \partial y} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} + \cdots + \frac{\partial F}{\partial y} \cdot \frac{d^n y}{dx^n} = 0$$ + +可解出: +$$\frac{d^n y}{dx^n} = -\frac{1}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}} \left( \frac{\partial^n F}{\partial x^n} + \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \binom{n}{k} \frac{\partial^{n-k} F}{\partial x^{n-k} \partial y} \cdot \frac{d^k y}{dx^k} \right)$$ + +--- + +## 参数方程求导 + +参数方程设定为 $\begin{cases} x = \phi(t) \\ y = \psi(t) \end{cases}$ + + +$\frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} = \lim_{\Delta t \to 0} \frac{\Delta y / \Delta t}{\Delta x / \Delta t} = \frac{dy/dt}{dx/dt} = \frac{\psi'(t)}{\phi'(t)}$ + +$\Delta t \to 0$ 时 $\Delta x \to 0$。 + +## 对于二阶或以上的范围进行求导 + +$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \frac{d(\frac{dy}{dx})}{dx} = \frac{d(\frac{dy}{dx})/dt}{dx/dt} = \frac{\psi''(t)\phi'(t) - \psi'(t)\phi''(t)}{(\phi'(t))^3}$ \ No newline at end of file